BSEB 12th Exam Biology Most VVI Short Long Question Reproductive Health Chapter on New Pattern

BSEB 12th Exam Biology Most VVI Short Long Question Reproductive Health Chapter on New Pattern, Inter Exam 2021 Biology Subjective Question

Reproductive Health

1. Write two reason for sterilization.

Ans.- Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception, involving a minor operation to cut or block the fallopian tube or vasa recta.

(i) In female, blocking of fallopian tube. 

(ii) In males, low count of sperms in semen.

2. Is test tube baby wonderful medical discovery, Why? or What is test tube baby? 

Ans.- Some females cannot conceive in normal conditions. They can conceive with the help of test tube technique. ‘Test tube baby’ is technique in which fertilization occurs between egg and sperm, outside the body. It is also called invitro fertilization (IVF). After fertilization, growing embryo are implanted in the uterus of female. In uterus, embryo grow normally.

Delivery of baby occurs as normal delivery as the baby is known as “Test Tube Baby”. So, Test tube baby is a term that refers to a child that is conceived outside the women’s body by a scientific process known as In-vitro fertilization or IVF treatment.

3. Being a student of Biology what will be your suggestions et for infertile couple to produce a child?

Ans.- As being student of Biology, I would like to suggest following process : 

1. IVF- IVF is the fertilization outside the body, in almost similar conditions as that in the body, which is followed by embryo transfer.

2. ZIFT – In ZIFT, the zygote formed in vitro, or early embryo up to 8 blastomeres, is transferred into the fallopian tube.

3. IUT:- In IUT, the embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus for further development. The embryos formed by in Vivo fertilization can also be used. 

4. GIFT:- Gamete intra fallopian transfer. 

5. ICSI :- (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection): Sperm is directly injected into the ovum.

6. AI (Artificial Insemination):- It is used for the cases of infertility which is either due to the inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low PART sperm court in the ejaculate. 

4. Write short note on Infertility.

Ans.- Infertility is failure to conceive even after 1–2 layers of regular unprotected sex. Infertility is caused by defects found in males, females and in both of them. In case of male, any defect in the sperm count, sperm structure and sperm motility of seminal fluid leads to infertility. In case of female, non-ovulation, improper functioning of corpus luteum, defective uterine endometrium fibroid uterus etc. leads to infertility. 

5. What are initiation codons ? Name them. 

Ans. :- Initiation codon is the start signal for polypeptide synthesis. It is signaled by two initiation codons-commonly AUG or methionine codon and rarely GUG or valine codon. They have dual functions.

6. Write expanded form of the followings : 

(A) GMO          (B) STD

(C) AMP           (D) VNTR

Ans. :- (A) Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has made crops more tolerants to abiotic stresses. It has reduced reliance on chemical pesticides. It has enhanced nutritional value of food. 

(B) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are transmitted from one person to another by intercourse. In which infection of genital organs takes place. Two such disease are AIDS and Syphilis. 

(C) AMP :-  Adenosine monophosphate is a nucleoside mono phosphate. It is a type of nucleotide particularly comprised of a nucleoside and a phosphate group. 

(D) The VNTR belongs to a class of satellite DNA referred to as mini-satellites in which a small DNA sequence is arranged tandemly in many copy numbers. The copy number varies from chromosome to chromosome in an individual. The numbers of repeat show very high degree of polymorphism.

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