Class 12th Biology Principles of Inheritance And Variation Chapter Subjective Question in English

5. Principles of Inheritance And Variation

1. How is sex determined in human being?

Ans.-Sex determination in Human beings : 

XX-XY is sex type in human. In female XX type is present, whereas in male XY type is present. One sex chromosome is smaller than the other in the males. The longer one is known as X-chromosome, and the smaller one as Y-chromosome. XX type of chromosomes of female are called homomorphic chromosome, whereas XY type of chromosomes of male are called heteromorphic.

Homogametic and Heterogametic are XX and XY type organisms. Human males have two types (X and Y) of gametes produced, whereas, in human female only one type of ovum with X chromosome is produced. If the ovum of a female fertilizes with sperm having X chromosome, the zygote develops into female (XX), and if it fertilizes with Y, the zygote develops into male (XY). 

2. Distiniguish between missing link and connecting link. 

Ans. : Missing Link : Missing link refers to extinct intermediate evolutionary form between one animal species or group and its presumed ancestors. 

Eg. : Seymonia (missing link between amphibians and reptiles). 

Connecting Link : The living animals which possess the characteristics of two different groups of animals are known as connecting links. 

Eg. : Duck billed platypus (connecting link between reptiles and mammals). 

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