Class 12th Biology VVI Objective Subjective Question in English Organisms And Population Chapter

13. Organisms And Population

1. What is Ecological Adaptations? Write down the Aquatic adaptation in plants with proper examples.

Ans.- Ecological adaptation in plants : Plants have natural ability to adapt towards its surrounding, and is known as ecological adaption of plants. Due to this, there is physical and physiological changes in plants. 

→ Aquatic adaptation in plants : 

Hydrophytes have following characters:

1. Cuticle is absent in external layer or epidermis. Stomata is absent in submerged hydrophytes; and if they are present, remain functionless cell wall or layers absorb water inside the body instead of roots.

2. Root system is less developed, unbranched and very small. Some floating hydrophytes lack root system (wolffia)

3. Due to hydrophytic nature, spongy tissues or aerenchyma are present. So, most of the hydrophytes have intercellular space filled with air.

4. Mechanical tissues are very less developed.

5. Leaves of submerged hydrophytes are small and streamlined in shape.

6. Epidermis is single layered, and is covered with mucilage, which protects them from epiphytes, pathogens and animals.

7. Special air pockets or air storing organs occur in floating plants. e.g.- Roots in Luduligia.

2. What is age Pyramid?

Ans.- Age pyramid : Graphic representation of different age groups found in a population with pre-reproductive groups at the base, reproductive ones in the middle and post-reproductive groups at the top is called age pyramid.

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